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    November 10

    心理健康的10条标准和15个特质

     

    美国心理学家马斯洛与和米特乐曼提出的十条心理健康标准,是目前公认的“标准的标准”。


    (1)充分的安全感;
    (2)充分地了解自己,并对自己的能力作出适当的评价;
    (3)生活理想切合实际;
    (4)不脱离周围现实环境;
    (5)能保持人格的完整与和谐;
    (6)具有从经验中学习的能力;
    (7)能保持良好的人际关系;
    (8)能适度地发泄情绪和控制情绪;
    (9)在不违背团体要求的情况下,能做到有限度的个性发展;
    (10)在不违背社会规范的情况下,对个人的需求能做到恰如其分的满足。

    依照H·马斯洛的观点,心理充分健康的应具备15个方面的特质:


        1、对现实有卓越的洞察力并能和现实保持适宜的关系。
        2、对自我、他人和客观事物表现出最大限度的认可和接纳。
        3、行为方式自然真实地流露,表现出朴实、纯真的美德。
        4、以问题为中心,而不是以自我为中心,视野宽阔,常常关注各种社会问题。
        5、具有超然独立的特性和离群独处的需要。
        6、意志自由,不受文化和环境的限制、约束。
        7、具有清新不逊的鉴赏力。
        8、能够产生某种神圣意义上的神秘体验和高峰经验。
        9、更多地具有全人类的共性,爱人类并认同自己是全人类的一员。
        10、拥有持久而精粹的人际关系。
        11、具有民主的性格结构。
        12、具有强烈的伦理道德观念,绝不为达到某种个人目的而不择手段。
        13、具有良好的发展性的非敌意的幽默感。
        14、具有创造革新的思想和能力。
        15、能够抵抗消极的适应现存的社会文化类型,具有苏世独立的内在品质。

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